Amazon Vendor Economics · Glossary

Shortage Claim

Updated September 5, 2026

A shortage claim is an invoice underpayment: Amazon's fulfillment center records a received quantity below the quantity on the vendor's invoice, books the gap as a Purchase Quantity Variance (PQV), and short-pays the difference. It belongs to 1P Vendor Central. It is not a compliance chargeback, which is a penalty for a process defect, and it is not a co-op deduction. Its sibling is the price claim, booked as PPV or PDC, where the invoiced price and the cost Amazon expected disagree, usually because a cost change was not synchronised into Amazon's systems before the purchase order was cut. A price claim is never a shortage claim, and the two are disputed as separate objects.

Most shortages are not missing goods. The usual root cause is an inaccurate or late Advance Shipment Notification (ASN), a scan failure at the fulfillment center, or a genuine shipping error. So the evidence that matters is the paper trail on the shipment, not a search of the warehouse.

How long does a vendor have to dispute a shortage claim?

Two years from the invoice date, for shortage and price claims specifically. Claims and re-disputes on older invoices are auto-rejected. Vendor Central still displays roughly seven years of data, which misleads vendors about what is actually recoverable: the display window and the dispute window are different things. Do not read the two-year window across to compliance chargebacks, which run on a 30-day cycle, or to co-op allowances, whose window is not publicly settled.

Filing is blocked during a matching window of roughly 35 days after the invoice due date. This is an enforced block, not a wait the vendor chooses; Amazon confirms or reverses shortages itself during it. After it, each claim is disputed individually through Vendor Central Dispute Management, under Payments, or line by line from the invoice under Payments, then Invoices. Bulk shortage claims are discontinued. Two rounds are available: a first submission and one resubmission. A margin recovery audit sizes the backlog against the two-year window, not against the seven years on screen.